Salgenx has developed a graphene production method that uses its saltwater redox flow battery. The membrane-less battery charges and discharges by using an electrolyzer that splits sodium chloride (NaCl) into sodium (Na) and chlorine.

“The chlorine is then stored in the aqueous electrolyte, while the sodium is stored in the cathode,” Salgenx CEO Greg Giese told pv magazine. “In this instance, the cathode comprises a sacrificial material, graphite, which intercalates the sodium. Salgenx applies a proprietary technique that exfoliates the graphite into individual layers of graphene, which can be further processed for higher purity.”

The process of graphene exfoliation occurs during charging due to an electrochemical process. When an electric potential is applied to the graphite host, it causes guest-charged species in the electrolyte to intercalate into the graphite’s interlayer galleries and produce gaseous products that contribute to structural expansion, according to a recent paper on the topic.

The method does not use up sodium, leaving it for the battery’s discharge process. Salgenx claims it produces graphene for less than $1.25 per gram. “Salgenx's flow battery system typically takes 4 to 6 hours to charge, usually during off-peak hours, enabling simultaneous production of graphene to enhance payback and become a revenue model,” the US-based tech startup said in a statement.

The on-demand graphene production machine will initially target the fiberglass and carbon fiber fabrication industry but can reportedly be applied to any graphene additive space.

In March, Salgenx said it had developed a system that uses the electricity stored in its battery to produce clean drinking water from seawater.